Last Updated: April 2026 · CLAT 2027 GK Static Series · Compiled by CLAT Gurukul faculty
Indian Polity is the highest-yielding sub-segment of the CLAT 2027 GK & Current Affairs section. Of the last five CLAT papers (2021-2025), an average of 9 out of 35 GK questions have been static-polity passages — covering Articles, Schedules, Amendments, Constitutional Bodies, and key government schemes. This pillar guide compiles 100 high-yield Indian Polity facts every CLAT 2027 aspirant must memorize, organized into 5 thematic clusters with passage-style cues. Use this as your last-mile revision sheet alongside our CLAT 2027 Foundation Course.
Why Indian Polity Dominates CLAT GK Static
The CLAT Consortium’s official syllabus places “static general knowledge” alongside current affairs, but in practice the framers lean heavily on Indian Polity because it ties cleanly into the Legal Reasoning section’s principle-fact format. A single passage on Article 21 or the 73rd Amendment can yield 3-4 questions across both sections. That is why we treat Polity as a compounding asset: the more confidently you know it, the higher both your GK and Legal scores.
The 100 Facts — Organized in 5 Clusters
Cluster 1: The Constitution — Framing, Adoption, Sources (Facts 1-20)
| # | Fact | Source / Article |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Constituent Assembly first met on 9 December 1946 under Dr Sachchidananda Sinha (interim). | Cabinet Mission Plan, 1946 |
| 2 | Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected permanent Chairman on 11 December 1946. | Constituent Assembly Debates Vol I |
| 3 | The Drafting Committee had 7 members chaired by Dr B R Ambedkar. | Resolution dated 29 Aug 1947 |
| 4 | Constitution adopted on 26 November 1949 (Constitution Day / Samvidhan Diwas). | Preamble’s enacting clause |
| 5 | Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950. | Article 394 |
| 6 | Original Constitution had 395 Articles, 22 Parts, 8 Schedules. | Original text |
| 7 | As of 2026 the Constitution has approx 470 Articles, 25 Parts, 12 Schedules (after 106th Amendment). | India Code repository |
| 8 | Parliamentary system — borrowed from the United Kingdom. | Westminster model |
| 9 | Federalism with strong Centre — borrowed from Canada. | British North America Act, 1867 |
| 10 | Fundamental Rights — borrowed from the USA Bill of Rights. | Part III, Articles 12-35 |
| 11 | Directive Principles of State Policy — borrowed from the Irish Constitution. | Part IV, Articles 36-51 |
| 12 | Fundamental Duties — borrowed from the erstwhile USSR Constitution. | Part IVA, Article 51A (added 1976) |
| 13 | Emergency provisions — inspired by the Weimar Constitution of Germany. | Articles 352-360 |
| 14 | Concurrent List — borrowed from Australia. | List III of 7th Schedule |
| 15 | Procedure for Constitutional amendment — from South Africa. | Article 368 |
| 16 | “Procedure Established by Law” — from Japan. | Article 21 |
| 17 | Preamble’s words “Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic” — “Socialist” and “Secular” added by 42nd Amendment, 1976. | 42nd CAA |
| 18 | The Preamble was held to be a part of the Constitution in Kesavananda Bharati (1973) overruling Berubari (1960). | AIR 1973 SC 1461 |
| 19 | India is described as a “Union of States” not a federation, in Article 1. | Article 1(1) |
| 20 | The 8th Schedule originally had 14 languages; presently 22 (Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali added by 92nd Amendment). | 92nd CAA, 2003 |
Cluster 2: Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles (Facts 21-40)
| # | Fact | Article / Case |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | Article 14 — Equality before law and equal protection of laws. | E P Royappa (1974), Maneka Gandhi (1978) |
| 22 | Article 15 — Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth. | 15(3) special provisions for women/children |
| 23 | Article 16 — Equality of opportunity in public employment; 16(4) for SC/ST/OBC reservation. | Indra Sawhney (1992) |
| 24 | Article 17 — Abolition of Untouchability; enforced by Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955. | Article 17 |
| 25 | Article 19 — Six freedoms (speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, profession). | Subject to reasonable restrictions in 19(2)-(6) |
| 26 | Article 21 — Right to life and personal liberty; expanded to include privacy in Puttaswamy (2017). | (2017) 10 SCC 1 |
| 27 | Article 21A — Right to Education for children 6-14 years; added by 86th Amendment, 2002. | Operationalized by RTE Act, 2009 |
| 28 | Article 22 — Protection against arbitrary arrest; 24-hour magistrate rule, except for preventive detention laws. | 22(1) and 22(5) |
| 29 | Article 23 — Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labour (begar). | PUDR v Union of India (1982) |
| 30 | Article 24 — No child below 14 to be employed in factories, mines or hazardous occupations. | Operationalized by CLPR Act, 1986 |
| 31 | Article 25 — Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion. | Subject to public order, morality, health |
| 32 | Article 26 — Freedom to manage religious affairs. | Religious denomination test — Shirur Mutt (1954) |
| 33 | Article 30 — Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions. | TMA Pai (2002) |
| 34 | Article 32 — Right to constitutional remedies; called the “heart and soul” by Ambedkar. | Five writs: HC, M, P, Q, CW |
| 35 | Article 39A — Equal justice and free legal aid (DPSP); operationalized by Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987. | Added by 42nd Amendment |
| 36 | Article 40 — Organisation of village panchayats (DPSP) — basis for 73rd Amendment. | Gandhian principle |
| 37 | Article 44 — Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India (DPSP). | Goa is the only state with a UCC |
| 38 | Article 45 — Early childhood care and education for children below 6 (post-86th Amendment). | Recast in 2002 |
| 39 | Article 48A — Protection and improvement of environment (added by 42nd Amendment). | Stockholm Conference, 1972 influence |
| 40 | Article 51A — 11 Fundamental Duties (10 originally + 11th added by 86th Amendment). | Swaran Singh Committee recommendation |
Cluster 3: Union Executive, Parliament & Judiciary (Facts 41-60)
| # | Fact | Article |
|---|---|---|
| 41 | President elected by Electoral College — elected MPs of both Houses + elected MLAs of all States and UTs of Delhi/Puducherry. | Article 54 |
| 42 | President’s term — 5 years; eligible for re-election (Article 57). | Article 56 |
| 43 | Impeachment of President for “violation of the Constitution” — 2/3 majority in both Houses. | Article 61 |
| 44 | Vice-President — ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha; elected by both Houses MPs (no MLAs). | Articles 63-66 |
| 45 | Prime Minister appointed by President; PM heads Council of Ministers (Article 74). | Article 75 |
| 46 | Cabinet size capped at 15% of Lok Sabha strength — 91st Amendment (2003). | Article 75(1A) |
| 47 | Lok Sabha — maximum strength 552; current 543 (530 states + 13 UTs); 2 Anglo-Indians ended by 104th Amendment, 2019. | Articles 81, 331 |
| 48 | Rajya Sabha — maximum 250 (238 elected + 12 nominated by President for arts, science, literature, social service). | Article 80 |
| 49 | Money Bill defined in Article 110; certified by Speaker; Rajya Sabha can only recommend amendments within 14 days. | Article 110 |
| 50 | Joint Sitting of Parliament — called only thrice (Dowry Prohibition 1961, Banking Service 1978, POTA 2002). | Article 108 |
| 51 | Supreme Court has 33 + 1 (CJI) = 34 judges as per the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Act, 2019. | Article 124 |
| 52 | SC judge retires at 65; HC judge at 62 (raised from 60 by 15th Amendment, 1963). | Articles 124(2), 217 |
| 53 | Original jurisdiction of SC — Centre vs State, State vs State. | Article 131 |
| 54 | Appellate jurisdiction — civil, criminal, constitutional appeals. | Articles 132-134 |
| 55 | Special Leave to Appeal — SC’s discretionary jurisdiction. | Article 136 |
| 56 | Curative petition — recognized in Rupa Ashok Hurra (2002) as final remedy. | Beyond review |
| 57 | Power to do “complete justice” — only the Supreme Court has this. | Article 142 |
| 58 | President is bound by SC’s advisory opinion? | No — Article 143 advisory only |
| 59 | National Judicial Appointments Commission Act struck down in Supreme Court Advocates-on-Record Association v Union of India (2015). | Collegium restored |
| 60 | Removal of SC/HC judge — Article 124(4); requires special majority and proved misbehavior or incapacity. | Judges Inquiry Act, 1968 |
Cluster 4: Constitutional & Statutory Bodies (Facts 61-80)
| # | Body | Constitutional / Statutory? + Article/Act |
|---|---|---|
| 61 | Election Commission of India | Constitutional — Article 324 (Body constituted 25 January 1950) |
| 62 | Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) | Constitutional — Article 148; 6-year term or 65 yrs |
| 63 | Attorney General of India | Constitutional — Article 76; advises Union Govt |
| 64 | Solicitor General & Additional SG | Statutory under Law Officers Conditions of Service Rules, 1987 |
| 65 | Union Public Service Commission | Constitutional — Articles 315-323 |
| 66 | Finance Commission | Constitutional — Article 280; 16th FC submitted recommendations 2025 |
| 67 | Goods and Services Tax Council | Constitutional — Article 279A (101st Amendment, 2016) |
| 68 | National Commission for SCs | Constitutional — Article 338 |
| 69 | National Commission for STs | Constitutional — Article 338A (89th Amendment, 2003) |
| 70 | National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) | Constitutional — Article 338B (102nd Amendment, 2018) |
| 71 | Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities | Constitutional — Article 350B |
| 72 | NITI Aayog | Executive body created by Cabinet Resolution dated 1 January 2015 |
| 73 | National Human Rights Commission | Statutory — Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 |
| 74 | Central Information Commission | Statutory — RTI Act, 2005 |
| 75 | Central Vigilance Commission | Statutory — CVC Act, 2003 (originally 1964 by resolution) |
| 76 | Lokpal of India | Statutory — Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 |
| 77 | Central Bureau of Investigation | Created by resolution under DSPE Act, 1946 — not statutory in strict sense |
| 78 | National Commission for Women | Statutory — National Commission for Women Act, 1990 |
| 79 | National Commission for Protection of Child Rights | Statutory — CPCR Act, 2005 |
| 80 | National Green Tribunal | Statutory — NGT Act, 2010 |
Cluster 5: Amendments, Schedules & Recent Bills (Facts 81-100)
| # | Fact | Year / Reference |
|---|---|---|
| 81 | 1st Amendment, 1951 — added 9th Schedule, restricted free speech for security/public order. | 1951 |
| 82 | 42nd Amendment “Mini Constitution” — added “Socialist, Secular, Integrity” to Preamble. | 1976 |
| 83 | 44th Amendment — replaced “internal disturbance” with “armed rebellion” in Article 352; restored Right to Property as legal right (Article 300A). | 1978 |
| 84 | 52nd Amendment — Anti-Defection Law, added 10th Schedule. | 1985 |
| 85 | 61st Amendment — reduced voting age from 21 to 18 years. | 1989 |
| 86 | 73rd & 74th Amendments — Panchayati Raj & Municipalities; added Parts IX, IXA and 11th, 12th Schedules. | 1992 |
| 87 | 86th Amendment — Right to Education (Article 21A); operationalized by RTE Act, 2009. | 2002 |
| 88 | 91st Amendment — 15% cap on Council of Ministers; tightened anti-defection. | 2003 |
| 89 | 97th Amendment — cooperative societies (Part IXB). | 2011 |
| 90 | 99th Amendment — NJAC Act (struck down by SC in 2015). | 2014 |
| 91 | 101st Amendment — Goods and Services Tax (Article 279A). | 2016 |
| 92 | 102nd Amendment — constitutional status to NCBC. | 2018 |
| 93 | 103rd Amendment — 10% EWS reservation in education and govt jobs. | 2019 — upheld in Janhit Abhiyan (2022) |
| 94 | 104th Amendment — ended Anglo-Indian nominations to Lok Sabha and State Assemblies; extended SC/ST reservation till 2030. | 2019 |
| 95 | 105th Amendment — restored State governments’ power to identify SEBCs (after 102nd had centralized). | 2021 |
| 96 | 106th Amendment — Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam (Women’s Reservation Act); 33% reservation in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies, post-delimitation. | 2023 |
| 97 | 131st Constitutional Amendment Bill (pending, 2026) — expansion of Lok Sabha and women’s reservation operationalization. | 2026 (Lok Sabha) |
| 98 | 9th Schedule — agrarian and land reform laws protected from judicial review (subject to I R Coelho 2007 ruling that post-1973 additions are reviewable on basic structure). | 1951 onwards |
| 99 | 11th Schedule — 29 subjects devolved to Panchayats (added by 73rd Amendment). | 1992 |
| 100 | 12th Schedule — 18 subjects for Municipalities (added by 74th Amendment). | 1992 |
How to Use This List for CLAT 2027
Print this guide as a one-page revision sheet. Read 20 facts daily for 5 days — that’s a complete cycle in one week. Then run our free CLAT 2027 mock tests to convert recognition into recall. Pair this with our CLAT 2027 master strategy hub for current-affairs integration. Aspirants enrolled in our classroom programme at the SK Puri or Ashiana centres receive weekly polity-current affairs cross-mapping worksheets.
Three High-Frequency Mistakes to Avoid
- Confusing “Constitutional” vs “Statutory” bodies. Lokpal, NHRC, CIC, CVC are STATUTORY (created by laws). ECI, CAG, UPSC, SCs/STs/BC commissions are CONSTITUTIONAL.
- Mixing up Schedule numbers. Anti-defection = 10th. Panchayats = 11th. Municipalities = 12th. Languages = 8th.
- Forgetting Amendment-Article linkage. RTE = 86th = Article 21A. Anti-defection = 52nd = Schedule 10. GST = 101st = Article 279A.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many Indian Polity questions usually appear in CLAT?
Across CLAT 2021-2025 papers, an average of 8-10 of the 35 GK questions have been Indian Polity (Constitution, bodies, schemes). Polity also indirectly powers 4-6 Legal Reasoning passages each year.
Want structured CLAT preparation? Try our free 5-day Bodh Demo Course with live classes and expert guidance. Start Free →
Is M Laxmikanth still relevant for CLAT 2027 polity?
Yes — but only Chapters 1-15 (Constitution, FRs, DPSPs, Parliament, Judiciary, Constitutional Bodies). Skip the comparative-politics chapters. Pair it with NCERT Class 11 Indian Constitution at Work for foundation.
Which Constitutional Amendment is most important for CLAT 2027?
The 106th (Women’s Reservation, 2023), 103rd (EWS, 2019) and 101st (GST, 2016) are highest probability. Among historic ones, the 42nd, 44th, 73rd-74th and 86th are evergreen.
How is Polity tested in CLAT — passage or direct MCQ?
CLAT 2020 onwards uses the comprehension-based passage format. A 350-450 word passage on a recent constitutional event (e.g., 106th Amendment, Article 370 abrogation) is followed by 4-6 questions mixing static facts with reading inference.
Are Constitutional Amendments after the 100th still being asked?
Yes, very actively. The 101st (GST), 103rd (EWS), 105th (SEBC), and 106th (Women’s Reservation) have appeared in multiple recent mocks and the official CLAT 2024-2025 papers. Stay current with the 131st Bill (Lok Sabha expansion) which is on the floor in 2026.
Test Yourself: 10 Polity MCQs
Use the quiz below to convert recognition into active recall. Aim for 8/10 in the first attempt.
Quiz data missing.
Master CLAT 2027 GK Static the Right Way
Join CLAT Gurukul’s foundation programme — daily polity drills, weekly current affairs assignments, and personalized mentor reviews. Designed by alumni of NLSIU, NLU Delhi, and NALSAR.
